The Cauto lowland adjoins a series of coastal plains that continue across the island from east to west, including the Southern Plain, Júcaro-Morón Plain, Zapata Peninsula (Zapata Swamp), Southern Karst and Colón Plain, and Southern Alluvial Plain. The island of Cuba itself is by far the largest in the chain and constitutes one of the four islands of the Greater Antilles. The country comprises an archipelago of about 1,600 islands, islets, and cays with a combined area three-fourths as large as the U.S. state of Florida. In 2015, Cuba became the first country to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis, a milestone hailed by the World Health Organization as “one of the greatest public health achievements possible”.
- Descendants of the first settlers of Cuba persisted on the western part of the island until Columbian contact, where they were recorded as the Guanahatabey people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
- In September 2025, following the suicide of a 16-year-old, OpenAI said it planned to add restrictions for users under 18, including the blocking of graphic sexual content and the prevention of flirtatious talk.
- Cuba is a developing country, and, by economic measures, is a very poor country.
- Graham has an honors degree in Computer Science and spends his spare time podcasting and blogging.
- Even though Cuba was independent, the Americans still controlled the island by a law called the Platt Amendment.
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Between the 18th and early 20th century, large waves of Canarian, Catalan, Andalusian, Galician, and other Spanish people immigrated to Cuba. Afro-Cubans are descended primarily from the Yoruba people, Bantu people from the Congo basin, Kalabari tribe and Arará from the Dahomey, as well as several thousand North African refugees, most notably the Sahrawi Arabs of Western Sahara. Many are descendants of farm laborers brought to the island by Spanish and American contractors during the 19th and early 20th century. Asians make up about 1% of the population and are largely of Chinese ancestry, followed by Japanese and Filipino.
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At one time the whole island was covered with forests, and there are still many cedar (Cedrela odorata), chechem (Metopium brownei), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and other valuable trees. Cuba makes maritime claims that include a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) and an exclusive economic zone of 350,751 km2 (135,426 mi2) with 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi). The largest natural water mirror https://www.betybets.nl/ is Laguna de Leche at 67.2 km2 (25.9 sq mi), while the man-made Zaza Reservoir, at 113.5 km2 (43.8 sq mi), is the largest inland water surface by area in the country. Its main island is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area. The largest island outside the main island is the Isla de la Juventud is (Isle of Youth) in the southwest, with an area of 2,204 km2 (851 sq mi). The main island (Cuba), at 104,338 km2 (40,285 sq mi), makes up most of the land area and is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area.
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In 2024, it was reported that 8.19 million Cuban people have Internet access. The government of Cuba provides an online encyclopedia website called EcuRed that operates in a “wiki” format. Concert dance is supported by the government and includes internationally renowned companies such as the Ballet Nacional de Cuba. Other traditional Cuban instruments are of African origin, Taíno origin, or both, such as the maracas, güiro, marímbula and various wooden drums including the mayohuacán. The Tres was invented in Cuba from Spanish cordophone instruments models (the instrument is actually a fusion of elements from the Spanish guitar and lute). However, some Cuban writers continue living and writing in Cuba, including Nancy Morejón.
Health and education
According to the World Food Programme of the United Nations, rationed food meets only a fraction of daily nutritional needs for many Cubans, leading to health issues. A 2023 study by the Cuban Observatory of Human Rights estimated that 88% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Cuba has a universal health care system that provides free medical treatment to all Cuban citizens, although challenges include low salaries for doctors, poor facilities, poor provision of equipment, and the frequent absence of essential drugs. According to a 2012 study, Cuba is the only country in the world to meet the conditions of sustainable development put forth by the WWF.
- Following disputed elections in 1906, the first president, Tomás Estrada Palma, faced an armed revolt by independence war veterans who defeated the meager government forces.
- According to the official census of 2010, Cuba’s population was 11,241,161, comprising 5,628,996 men and 5,612,165 women.
- OpenAI has sometimes mitigated this effect by updating the training data.
- Those who left the country typically did so by sea, in small boats and fragile rafts.
- President Donald Trump added Cuba to the State Sponsors of Terrorism list, implementing a series of additional economic sanctions on the country.
- Cuba was ranked 19th by the number of imprisoned journalists of any nation in 2021update according to various sources, including the Committee to Protect Journalists and Human Rights Watch.
- Cuba has universal health care, and despite persistent shortages of medical supplies, there is no shortage of medical personnel.
The government’s relaxation of restrictions on house churches in the 1990s led to an explosion of Pentecostalism, with some groups claiming as many as 100,000 members. Despite less than half of the population identifying as Catholics in 2006, it nonetheless remains the dominant faith. Roman Catholicism is the largest religion, with its origins in Spanish colonization. Religious freedom increased through the 1980s, with the government amending the constitution in 1992 to drop the state’s characterization as atheistic. Monetary reforms in 2021 introduced shocks of inflation, further exacerbating the country’s food scarcity and boosting the black market’s prominence.
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Its birth rate (9.88 births per thousand population in 2006) is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. According to the official census of 2010, Cuba’s population was 11,241,161, comprising 5,628,996 men and 5,612,165 women. The rapid growth of tourism during the Special Period had widespread social and economic repercussions in Cuba, and led to speculation about the emergence of a two-tier economy. All state-run restaurants (over 8,000) will be converted to worker owned cooperatives, and by 2017 the Cuban government expects there to be approximately 10,000 cooperatives operating. These economic sanctions have since been sustained by the Biden administration.Cooperatives will play a larger role in the emerging Cuban economy.
Cuba’s “Special Period” saw the country relying heavily on foreign tourism and the earnings of nationals working abroad. This signifies a 13% loss of population since 2012, when the Cuban population peaked at 11.2 million. On 9 September 1994, the U.S. and Cuban governments agreed that the U.S. would grant at least 20,000 visas annually in exchange for Cuba’s pledge to prevent further unlawful departures on boats. Those who left the country typically did so by sea, in small boats and fragile rafts. As of 2015, the foreign-born population in Cuba was 13,336 inhabitants per the World Bank data.
Hinduism is practiced by 0.2% of the population and Islam is practiced by less than 0.1% of the population. A large part of the Cuban population is either non-religious or practices folk religions such as Santeria. Protestantism is practiced by less than 3% of the Cuban population. The government succeeded in seeing that the three different groups were treated the same. The largest group is the descendants of the Spanish settlers who came to Cuba. The people of Cuba come from three different groups.
Government and politics
As of 2009,update it has continued to call regularly for social and economic reform, along with the unconditional release of all political prisoners. In 2003, the EU accused the Cuban government of “continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms”. While some argue it has been “extraordinarily porous” and is not the primary cause of Cuba’s economic hardships, others see it as a pressure mechanism aimed at driving change in the Cuban government. The expedition failed, but a prominent monument to its members was erected in their memory in Santo Domingo by the Dominican government, and they feature prominently at the country’s Memorial Museum of the Resistance.
OpenAI has sometimes mitigated this effect by updating the training data. The feature is not available for users in the UK, Switzerland, or the European Economic Area, and is available on a waitlist basis everywhere else. On January 7, 2026, OpenAI introduced a feature called “ChatGPT Health”, whereby ChatGPT can discuss the user’s health in a way that is separate from other chats. At launch, the feature was limited to purchases on Etsy from US users with a payment method linked to their OpenAI account. It was capable of autonomously performing tasks through web browser interactions, including filling forms, placing online orders, scheduling appointments, and other browser-based tasks.
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